Private Lines
About Private Line

Private Line covers what has occurred, is occurring, and will ocurr in telecommunications. Since communication technology constantly changes, you can expect new content posted regularly.

Consider this site an authoritative resource. Its moderators have successful careers in the telecommunications industry. Utilize the content and send comments. As a site about communicating, conversation is encouraged.

Writers

Thomas Farely

Tom has produced privateline.com since 1995. He is now a freelance technology writer who contributes regularly to the site.

His knowledge of telecommunications has served, most notably, the American Heritage Invention and Technology Magazine and The History Channel.
His interview on Alexander Graham Bell will air on the History Channel the end of 2006.

Ken Schmidt

Ken is a licensed attorney who has worked in the tower industry for seven years. He has managed the development of broadcast towers nationwide and developed and built cell towers.

He has been quoted in newspapers and magazines on issues regarding cell towers and has spoke at industry and non-industry conferences on cell tower related issues.

He is recognized as an expert on cell tower leases and due diligence processes for tower acquisitions.

« July 2004 | | September 2004 »

August 30, 2004

3G System Capabilities

Boy, this gets complicated. The path to 3G (internal link) starts with the International Telecommunication Union (external link). They set standards (internal link) they hope the wireless industry will follow. Different technologies have their proponents, based on legitimate technical difference but mostly on avoiding patent infringements or protecting investments already made. Why pay royalty fees for an operating system when you don't have to? And why gut your existing infrastructure just to go along with a committee recommendation? With so much equipment already installed across the world a single, universal cellular radio system has no chance of being. Fortunately, it seems likely only two systems and their variants will emerge, both based on CDMA. Let's start with discussing the Big Picture, then the little details that make up the picture.

1. The Overall Framework

"International Mobile Telecommunications-2000 (IMT-2000) is the global standard for third generation (3G) wireless communications, defined by a set of interdependent ITU Recommendations. IMT-2000 provides a framework for worldwide wireless access by linking the diverse systems of terrestrial and/or satellite based networks."

2. Within IMT-2000 (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System)

a. CDMA 2000

i.) CDMA2000 1xEV-DO

b. WCDMA (UMTS) also known as 3GSM

These technologies were supposed to provide the following features. More on all this Tuesday.

3G System Capabilities
ITU--2000

Capability to support circuit and packet data at high bit rates:

  • 144 kilobits/second or higher in high mobility (vehicular) traffic
  • 384 kilobits/second for pedestrian traffic
  • 2 Megabits/second or higher for indoor traffic
Interoperability and roaming

Common billing/user profiles:

  • Sharing of usage/rate information between service providers
  • Standardized call detail recording
  • Standardized user profiles
Capability to determine geographic position of mobiles and report it to both the network and the mobile terminal 

Support of multimedia services/capabilities:

  • Fixed and variable rate bit traffic
  • Bandwidth on demand
  • Asymmetric data rates in the forward and reverse links
  • Multimedia mail store and forward
  • Broadband access up to 2 Megabits/second

August 27, 2004

Question and answers with Ken Schmidt and Mark van der Hoek

Q. I'm in a rural location next to an interstate highway with poor to non-existent cellular coverage. What if I put up my own cell tower? Would that get a wireless carrier interested in my property?

The cell phone tower itself is not the problem, it's your location. You'd need to be within 1/2 mile of the interstate to even be considered. But it is not just one tower or cell site the carrier would need to build, they'd need several to connect to their next, closest location. Traffic counts on most interstates just don't merit this construction expense. Ken.

Q. Okay, what if I build a tower to handle point to point microwave traffic? There's a housing development coming soon and the local telco might be interested in using my tower. Right?

A. This is not Field of Dreams! They might be interested but a professional tower can cost $100,000 to build. You'd be doing some reckless investing. T-1 carrier over microwave might not provide the capacity to handle traffic from those new homes. If the telco trenches in a few strands of fiber from their nearest switch your tower will be bypassed. Caution! Mark.

Universal Mobile Telecommunications System

UMTS stands for Universal Mobile Telecommunications System. It's an evolution of GSM (internal link), previously TDMA based, now, with UMTS, CDMA. Why the change? Capacity, CDMA can process more calls than TDMA. There are other reasons, too, but none more important than permitting more calls. This is a wideband CDMA scheme, compared to the narrowband plan of cdma cdmaOne (internal link) that we discussed below. Next week I hope to explore more of this change with GSM.

August 26, 2004

Murray's Wireless Nation: The Frenzied Launch of the Cellular Revolution in America

I've just read Murray's Wireless Nation: The Frenzied Launch of the Cellular Revolution in America, and Galambos and Abrahamson's Anytime Anywhere, Entrepreneurship and the Creation of a Wireless World. I haven't read Corr's Money from Thin Air but I understand it is of the same ilk. All three titles maintain Craig McCaw succeed (he sold McCaw Cellular to AT&T for $11.5 billion) because he clearly saw the future of wireless. Nonsense.

McCaw and his cronies came out well because they bought and sold spectrum licenses on the hunch they might be valuable later on. Does a financial hunch make a vision? No, the licenses were a commodity, a limited resource, something to be bought, hoarded, then sold later on. McCaw's team were commodity brokers, in other words, and not wireless visionaries. They bought as much spectrum as they could, financing and leveraging their deals however possible, using money from people like Michael Milken. Their story reminds me of the Texas Hunt brothers, who in 1979 and 1980 tried to corner the silver market. McCaw and company did the same thing with the wireless market: buy enough spectrum and you'll drive up your license prices. Pardon me if I am not impressed.

After selling out to AT&T, McCaw went on to other wireless projects. He funded broadband provider XO Communications which quickly went into bankruptcy, owing five billion dollars. He put tons of money, the amount still unknown, into the Teledesic satellite project, which after eight years of doing nothing is essentially dead. He also infused cash into Nextel, which continues to flounder. Wireless visionary or high tech rug merchant? You decide.

August 25, 2004

Short Note

I must go out of town today so I can only write this short note. I'll have something on the history of CDMA in cellular radio soon. I must first sort out the self-serving corporate histories and the self-promoting bios. And the omissions. Nothing on Phil Karn at Qualcomm's website? Are you people already forgetting who developed your own technology? Hello!

In reading the history of cellular you'd think everyone was a visionary. Vision this! Were Huntington, Stanford, Crocker, and Hopkins transportation visionaries? Or robber barons? Yes, the railroads were good for the country, wireless is too, but don't try to convince me that these people thought a primary motive was the public good.

"Anything that is not nailed down is mine. Anything that can be pried loose is not nailed down."

It's said the first rule of business is to make money. Wrong. It's to legally make money. You make an ethical decision to not be a criminal. Most of us then try not to skirt the law. We choose not to sell worthless medical cures, cars that will soon break down, or plans to bilk people out of their life savings. These three things may be legal but we don't do them. The history of wireless to me is not a study in entrepreneurship but a study of what one could get away with. More later.

August 24, 2004

Q&A by Mark van der Hoek on 1XRTT/CDMA2000 1X

Q: Whose behind all these crazy names with CDMA?

A. Who is behind EVERYTHING CDMA? :D Qualcomm, of course. It was originally called a 2.5G technology, but Qualcomm muscled the ITU to call it 3G. After all, who wants 2.5 when you can have 3?

A. Coherent detection on the reverse link. Just like the cell sites have a pilot, now the mobiles have a pilot. That enables much better power control on the mobiles, which means greater capacity on the reverse link. Add to that now we have "supplemental channels". Instead of assigning just ONE traffic channel, now we can assign up to 7 to one mobile. The data is fed in parallel across all of them, thus increasing the data throughput. There are also some differences in coding schemes.

Q. Are data rates measured while the cell phone is moving or stationary?

A. Probably stationary.

Q. And do those data rates continue throughout the handoff?

A. No, supplemental channels are not handed off -- just the fundamental channel. However, the supplementals are added back right after handoff, so you shouldn't notice much.

Q. What's the real speed in practice with Vision or Express? 45 to 60 kbs?

A. That's what Verizon claims for Express, and that's what I've heard from folks in the field. Basically really good dial up. Nothing to get excited about, but usable surfing. I suspect those speeds are stationary, though, and don't expect that at the cell edge.

August 23, 2004

1XRTT (CDMA2000 1X) is pretty widespread

Tom:

1XRTT (CDMA2000 1X) is pretty widespread (discussion below) -- both Verizon and Sprint have it everywhere, just about. Verizon calls it "Express", Sprint calls it "Vision." It's really for data, you buy a wireless modem for your laptop that lets you connect to their networks. You get landline dial-up speeds when everything works right. Price? At least $60 to $80 a month or more, as well as the cost of the modem.

Verizon has EVDO, the next generation in CDMA, in two markets, and is rolling it out pretty quickly elsewhere. Sprint had been insisting they were going to wait for EVDV to be ready, but realized they can't let Verizon get that big of a lead over them. EVDV isn't due out till 2006. By then Verizon will have EVDO in all the major markets, and most of the mid sized ones. That means they'd own the business data market. 95 (B) never really got off the ground. It's here and there, but nobody's bothering to migrate to it now. 1xRTT blew past it.

Your Cellular Friend

August 22, 2004

2.5G Land, more musings on CDMA

Sprint PCS offers upbanded IS-95 (A), that is, IS-95 (A) placed at a higher frequency than conventional cellular. Still, the same technology other carriers have used since the mid-1990s, although now tweaked a bit. They claim their "Vision" service gives data speeds averaging 50-70 kbps, with peak speeds of 144kbps. That 144 would be their network speed, not what you would normally experience. And all of this is one fifth the speed needed to be considered 3G. Let's call their Vision service 2.5G.

Sprint claims greater nationwide coverage than any other carrier. Even here in heavily populated California Sprint does not cover the Highway 50 corridor to Lake Tahoe, barely any of the Sierra Nevada foothills, and little of the Sacramento Delta. It seems you can call yourself a nationwide network if you just list cities around the country, leaving huge gaps between. And how do you fill in those gaps?

How about cell sites costing one half million to one million dollars every seven miles across the entire United States? Yes, that's impossible. There's not enough people making calls to justify building such infrastructure. Better coverage and 3G and all the wonderful wireless services predicted for the last several years will never happen where it does not make economic sense to the carrier. Your nationwide coverage maps will look as they do now: like a slice of Swiss cheese. More later.

August 21, 2004

CDMA schemes

Other CDMA schemes exist than what's described below. Wideband CDMA, utilizing 5Mhz channels and in many countries newly allocated spectrum, will allow advanced services to emerge and older services to continue. After a decade of denial, the most loyal proponents of TDMA (internal link, typical advocate), will soon admit defeat: CDMA has won. GSM is a fine system (internal link) but its capacity using TDMA is limited. As GSM moves to what's called 3GSM it will convert to CDMA. TDMA and its variants will exist for sometime, another decade possibly, but it is not the future of transmission technology. Although advanced, this is a fine paper on CDMA by Prasad and Ojanperäon. Please read if you want to know more:

http://www.comsoc.org/livepubs/surveys/public/4q98issue/prasad.html (external link)

August 19, 2004

Confusing CDMA names

Cellular's original spread spectrum scheme was IS-95. That name comes from the standard (internal link) outlining its operation. It was also called CDMA but that is a generic term which is inherently confusing. IS-95 is CDMA, but not all code division multiple access plans are IS-95.

Capitalizing on CDMA's name recognition, however, the CDG Group now incorporates that acronym into titles for their future spread spectrum plans. These names incorporate revision numbers which make them difficult to relate to and remember. The goal though is straightforward: an always on connection, fast data rates, and an all IP network (internal link, discussion of circuit and packet switching.) .

Graphic from the CDG Group: http://cdg.org/ (external link)

Read how many poor names have been used along the development path. "[We'll introduce the] world's first third generation (3G) services later this year using IMT-2000 CDMA Multi-Carrier 1X technology (1X). This technology has been called many names in its development history - CDMA2000 phase 1, 1XRTT, 3G CDMA 1X - but regardless of the naming convention applied, it is the same set of advanced capabilities that promise to introduce the world to 3G in commercial form." Sheesh.

To back up a little, cdmaOne is the marketing term for IS-95 (A), the original CDMA scheme, and IS-(B). In America we still have IS-95 (A); (B) never got going. Now we come to other CDMA services, some of which we won't see for many years:

"CDMA2000 represents a family of technologies that includes

1) CDMA2000 1X and

2) CDMA2000 1xEV.

CDMA2000 1X can double the voice capacity of cdmaOne networks and delivers peak packet data speeds of 307 kbps in mobile environments.

CDMA2000 1xEV includes:

a) CDMA2000 1xEV-DO. [Data only or optimized] This delivers peak data speeds of 2.4Mbps and supports applications such as MP3 transfers and video conferencing.

b) CDMA2000 1xEV-DV. [Data and Voice] This provides integrated voice and simultaneous high-speed packet data multimedia services at speeds of up to 3.09 Mbps."

"1xEV-DO and 1xEV-DV are both backward compatible with CDMA2000 1X and cdmaOne."

The ski graphics below are my attempt at visualizing the differences between the services.

August 18, 2004

More on cellular carrier names

Cellular One began in 1984 as the name for the first non-wireline cellular system in the Baltimore/Washington D.C. area. Delighted with the moniker the partners making up Cellular One decided to cheaply license it throughout the U.S.A. Soon, Cellular One seemed everywhere, although no one company was behind it. As Murray in Wireless Nation (Perseus, 2001) relates:

"It's very likely no one outside the D.C. metropolitan area would ever have heard the name Cellular One if it hadn't been for a second decision the group made. In a brilliant stroke, the partnership decided to license the name, making it available to other non wireline systems essentially for free. The wirelines, many with their RBOC roots and Bell names, had the automatic advantage of regional name recognition, an advantage that threatened to overpower the nonwireline's scattershot marketing strategies."

"But following the decision to license the 'Cellular One' name, it gradually spread across the country, eventually gaining even greater recognition than any one of the names of the giant AT&T offspring. Through there was in fact no national 'Cellular One' company, soon the ubiquity of the name had the effect the nonwirelines hoped: Consumers knew it and trusted it. At last, the nonwirelines had found an advantage of their own."

August 17, 2004

Wireless company names and the technologies they use

Let's figure out these wireless company names and the technologies they use, okay? I'd like to develop a table or chart with this information. Contact me with contributions and comments, please! (internal link). Here's what I have so far, updated for today, August 17th:

T-Mobile. Originally VoiceStream. Re-named after Deutsche Telekom AG paid over $30 billion for it. Uses GSM exclusively. Years before VoiceStream had aquired both Omnipoint and Aerial Communications. VoiceStream Wireless Corporation came into being after Western Wireless spun it off in October, 1998.

Verizon Wireless is America's largest carrier. It is from a merger of the Bell Atlantic/GTE wireless divisions and the Vodaphone/AirTouch group. Along with wireless holdings from US West and NYNEX. AirTouch Communications came from PacTel Cellular, first part of Pacific Telesis. PacTel Cellular may have early on been called PacTel Access. Vodaphone plc was the wireless subsidiary of Racal, a British defense contractor. AirTouch and U S West early on were joint cellular partners. Vodaphone now controls. Their legacy means Cingular has no presence in the 11 former U S West states.

Cingular Wireless. Formed from SBC Communications and Bell South. Bell South's original wireless company was called Bell South Mobility. Bell South bought Metro Mobile for $2.45 billion in stock in September 1991. They had earlier bought half of Mobile Communications of America.

The wireline SBC parent company includes former regional Bell operating companies Ameritech, Southwestern Bell, Southern New England Telephone (SNET), and Pacific Telesis (Pacific & Nevada Bell).

Nextel Communications Inc. uses iDen, a Motorola proprietary TDMA technology. Originally Fleet Call, the name changing to Nextel on March 24, 1993.

AT&T Wireless. A product of more mergers and aquisitions than I can list. McCaw Cellular was the biggest network they bought. For the most part uses TDMA.

Sprint PCS. The first two letters reflect the original parent company: Southern Pacific .

How about listing old names? Like PCS PrimeCo, the wireless divisions of NYNEX, US West, Bell Atlantic, and Air Touch, formed to put together an early but limited in coverage, nationwide cellular network. I welcome your comments. (internal link)

Latest wireless carrier rankings:

August 14, 2004

Family tree of Southwestern Bell up until 1984

Grainy and difficult to read, this is a family tree of Southwestern Bell up until 1984. (402k) (internal link to image.) It appeared in Good Connections by David Park, a corporate history book sponsored by SBC. You might find a copy at http://www.abe.com (external link.) This is the information companies need to post to their websites yet almost none do.

August 12, 2004

Nextel limited by iDEN

Nextel is limited by old technology, iDEN, but mostly by limited spectrum. Founded in 1987 as Fleet Call, Nextel cobbled together a nationwide cellular system by buying bits and pieces of spectrum used in the dispatch industry. These taxi and truck dispatch frequency sets weren't wide compared to conventional cellular radio blocks so Nextel has always battled capacity problems. This will now get worse.

An industry insider explains it like this:

"All of the channels for which Nextel is licensed are 25kHz wide. That's 25 here, 25 there, chopped up among many different licenses in a single market. The most you'd have in one block is 20 channels, for a total of 500 kHz."

"In comparison, IS-95 or 'narrowband CDMA' is 1.25 MHz wide. cdma2000 can occupy up to three of these 1.25 MHz channels. Flarion's OFDM is 1.25 MHz wide. UMTS is 5 MHz wide. Some proposals have been floated for 10 MHz wide channels. See the problem?"

"Even in the very few markets where Nextel might have 1.25 MHz (or more) of spectrum in a geographical area, it's very unlikely it would be contiguous. And it's very few markets where they have that much. No 1.25 MHz blocks of spectrum. No blocks of spectrum, no advanced technologies. No advanced technologies, no Nextel."

Based on overinflated capacity claims the FCC granted Nextel's original operating license, letting them in effect bypass the conventional cellular spectrum auction process. Nextel now hopes to swap frequency sets with other services, freeing them from the trap they created, and, once again, gaining an advantage against the other nation wide wireless carriers. Let's hope the government takes a much closer look at their business this time.

August 10, 2004

How can I get a cell tower on my property and start receiving money?

Hi Tom. Ken Schmidt here. The most frequent question we receive at Steelintheair.com (external link) is "How can I get a cell tower on my property and start receiving money?"

The real and often disappointing answer is that in most cases, the average landowner cannot. Perhaps the reasons for this could be better understood by asking a similar question, "How can I get a McDonalds on my property?" Both McDonalds and Towers are everywhere, both sometimes lease land, and both pay very good lease rates. But most landowners understand that McDonalds build their locations where they are going to serve as many hamburgers as possible. . . (continues here, internal link)

August 08, 2004

What about satellite phones?

Q. My business travel takes me to many areas in America without cell phone coverage. What about satellite phones?

A. If your need was strictly personal you could study for your ham license, pass the test, and then connect with amateur radio equipment. But phone patches into the public telephone system are limited, and business communication is prohibited on the ham bands, so that option is out. Business radio, like what police or taxi dispatch services use, is local, complicated, and expensive to set up. A sat phone is probably the way to go.

I wrote about these people recently. I haven't done business with them but I can tell by their site that they are well organized. What's really nice is that you can rent first, to see if you like sat phones before you buy:

http://www.satphonestore.com (external link, no financial relation to privateline.com)

A refurbished GlobalStar sat phone, cheapest for calling in the Americas, and accessories may cost around $750, along with air time starting at $40 a month. But you will be able to communicate. You order over the web or call them and they ship the phone to you. Your employer may complain about the price but what is the cost of being out of touch and unable to do business? My first cellular phone in 1986, by the way, cost over a thousand dollars and my first monthly cellular bill was, dare I admit this?: $334! (I can still hear my old boss yelling at me.) One last thought, you need to be outdoors when you call, it's very tough to pick up a "bird" indoors. And here's a good URL on the technology:

http://www.space-technology.com/
projects/globalstar/
index.html#globalstar2 (external link)

August 07, 2004

Musings between Tom Farley and J.R. Snyder Jr.

J.R.: It seems wireless operators are becoming "virtual" networks where some companies may merely operate in name only, like Virgin Wireless, others may operate by owning the spectrum but not the towers, or they may own everything. Verizon Wireless and Cingular seem to be the new empires, but Cingular has no assets currently in Qwest states, so I don't have a feel for them at all.

Tom: I can't tell Verizon, Cingular, and T-Mobile apart. They're just wireless carriers who may have wireline also, for all I know. Regional names give connectedness to place, an anchor, a local reference point. These new, strangely named companies could exist anywhere, which is what their marketing people want. No place identity. Roseville Telephone spent half a century building their good name, then ditched it when they became a regional telecom. They now call themselves SureWest. What the heck is a SureWest?

J.R.: Cingular, Verizon, and Qwest, are all names contrived by some socio-psychobabble-marketeer over paid MBA's. Even though U S WEST was post '84, I clearly remember the name U S West was created by Jack McAllister, an old Bellhead Network guy, the last CEO of that RBOC who was from Network. Forever after the company was run by Marketing people from Sales and the Business Office who hated the original U S WEST "mustangs riding in the dust" commercial campaigns and stamped every vestige of that out by 1989. It says something that they're trying to recreate that now with a hokey "Spirit of Service" campaign which tries to evoke the old image of the corporate culture we know is dead. It obviously irks me.

The name Qwest was the brainchild of that crook Joe Nacchio, the architect of the hostile takeover of U S WEST in 1999. He's still under investigation by the SEC, has paid one fine but that hasn't stopped him from, not ironically, resurfacing as part of the restructuring of MCI from bankruptcy.

My stomach literally flipped when Verizon and Verizon Wireless came out with its new name based on a cross between the Latin word "veritas" and "horizon." Oh, yuck.

T.F.: "Spirit of Service" indeed. They are capitalizing on the slogan used and made famous by The Pioneers, the retired Bell System employee group. History is no more important to the major telecoms than place identity; why are they using it now? Perhaps marketing has discovered, too late, that history is important, customer service over the generations is something to be proud of. It's too bad the old names are gone. How does a Nevada Bell customer relate to their local telco now called SBC? Strange times.

J.R.: Is it me or does this seem like a weird business climate all-together and telecom is an example of the larger picture? AmericaWest Airlines actually runs and owns part of its fleet. Mesa Airlines really owns the new small regional jets and operates them under the name of AmericaWest, U S Air and others. Airtran does the same thing for United and Delta.

Pan Am burned cash for almost 30 years before it died an ignomious death. United and American are on the verge. Therefore when AT&T says it's writing off $885 million of $43.8 billion, it may seem like a small change in percentage but I can't help but think that it's an indicating a deeper, more systemic problem. When analysts upgrade Qwest to "neutral" from "underperform" or "outweigh" while it's bleeding millions, that seems wrong to me.

T.F.:Telecom is personal to us so change bothers us more than it should. If we tracked how many companies Sony bought over the years, or how many airlines have changed names or gone out of business, well, we just wouldn't care. But we do care about telecom and want it to be more than an ordinary business. It no longer is. Some of the people and technology are still special but the old corporate culture special to telecom is gone or going. So we will always have a melancholy attached to these changes. It was a nice time, now we can only remember it.

J.R.: Hmm. Melancholy. From telephony to telecom. It isn't just the unique telecom culture, which fit me personally. It's also the larger picture: the loss of company culture in general, which I started bemoaning about 6 years ago. I think when I went to college in the early 70's we were the last of the college graduates who were told to get a liberal arts degree. With a broad education we'd go to work for a company, small, medium or large, and be "molded" in the ways of IBM, AT&T, BofA (then confined to California and Arizona only), Motorola, Chrysler, the Arizona Republic, Sturm Ruger and so on. I have a friend I went to high school and college with who worked for Motorola since college until he was laid off a few years ago and has the same sort of nostalgia about that business. For him, Iridium killed it. Different company culture, product (although somewhat related) but same outcome.

After that universities and colleges encouraged people to go to business schools, not liberal ed. People got rubber stamped in the philosophy of the Wharton School of Business. Something unique about Kathleen Pierz (internal link) is that she went to what was then called the Thunderbird Graduate School of International Management in Phoenix which bucked this trend until recently when it completed its about face and renamed itself after Steven Covey and then fully embraced "The Seven Principles of Highly Effective People" or some such nonsense. Some time in the 80's they force fed on us, the managers at U S WEST, "The One Minute Manager", which I never read or any of those subsequent books, much to their chagrin. Which probably is what did me in . Now I hear it's a book called "Who Moved My Cheese?"

http://www.whomovedmycheese.com/ (external link)

August 06, 2004

Wireless market share

Which carrier has the most customers? Check below. This nice chart is from the TNS website: http://www.tnstelecoms.com/ (external link) It's from TNS' larger report, Telecom Industry Market Share -- First Quarter 2004. Totals may add up to more than 100% due to rounding.

Wireless Service

August 05, 2004

Affordable Satellite Phones

I didn't realize satellite phones are becoming affordable. This place: http://www.satphonestore.com(external link, no financial relation) sells a refurbished Iridium/Motorola 9500 for $685.00 US and air time from $.85 to $1.85 a minute. Those minutes are comparable or less than international roaming charges for your cellular phone. And unlike your present mobile, this phone should work from anywhere in the world. Renting is also reasonable: $125 for three weeks and air time at $1.75 a minute. They ship the phone from Miami.

I know a mother whose daughter will soon be travelling to Gambia, both were worried about being out of touch. I think the Mom would have gladly paid three times the rental for the security of getting a call each day. Remember extra batteries, though, or a solar charger. Accessories are very expensive but the ability to communicate at all, regardless of price, is remarkable.

August 04, 2004

Who's building?

Two little industry birdies tell me the following:

T-Mobile. They've cut their development budget to nothing due to the Cingular/AT&T merger. Cingular revoked the spectrum sharing arrangement in California and now T-Mobile is scrambling to put money together to buy spectrum.

Cingular. Things go on as normal. Many companies building towers for them.

AT&T. They've shut down building completely. I have not heard from anyone that they've started back up again.

Nextel. Same as last year, heavy development. [Nextel's told the financial community they'll build 2,200 sites this year, ed.]

Verizon. Sorry, I don't hear too much on them.

Sprint. Going forward with their "Keebler" project, a New England and Mid-Atlantic regional cell build. 300 new and infill sites there. Rest of the country as normal. One interesting thing I've heard recently is that Sprint may sell all their sites.

August 03, 2004

What's 3G (internal link) and where is it in the U.S.?

Q. What's 3G (internal link) and where is it in the U.S.?

A. Third generation cellular radio promises high data rates, compatibility with different mobile terminals, not just phones, and packet switching (internal link), what the internet uses to work.

First generation commercial systems, a hybrid of analog and digital, started in 1985, full digital or second generation systems began in 1992, [internal link to history] and 3G, well, who knows? Right now we're in 2.5G land, with fancy phones and features waiting for faster data transfer speeds to bring us 3G. Hold on to your picture phone with color display. This may take a while.

The ITU (external link) in 2000 listed clear goals for 3G. Given America's topography and the economics of cellular, it may not be possible to provide 3G unless definitions are changed. Installing the infrastructure to cover large areas in the United States may be cost prohibitive. A single cell site costs between half a million and one million dollars. 3G can be put in Denver and its suburbs, but can customers afford the number of sites required? Carriers certainly can't equip any area beyond major cities; there will be no demand in Billings, Montana for a system priced at what it actually costs.

Carriers will need years to economically install enough cell sites and radio gear to handle the transition to 3G. Even after that time I doubt the original goals can be met. Do we really think a car moving at 60 miles an hour around Dallas can maintain a reliable wireless connection at 144 Kbs? When voice calls are now routinely dropped in that same car?

Will people pay an extremely high price for such spotty service? When they are mad about dropped calls now? Especially when technology doesn't help with recovery? If I am downloading a file and the connection breaks I want that file transfer to resume once I'm back on-line. Simple things like that aren't happening now but should be planned for in the future.

One last point. Mobility and high data rates are key. Without these two we don't have 3G. It doesn't matter if some of 3G's goals aren't met, these two have to work. We're not building fixed wireless here, WiFi or some other scheme can do that. What we want is the same as with voice, seamless transfers between cell sites at speed. Anything else is no big whoop.

3G System Capabilities
ITU--2000

Capability to support circuit and packet data at high bit rates:

  • 144 kilobits/second or higher in high mobility (vehicular) traffic
  • 384 kilobits/second for pedestrian traffic
  • 2 Megabits/second or higher for indoor traffic
Interoperability and roaming

Common billing/user profiles:

  • Sharing of usage/rate information between service providers
  • Standardized call detail recording
  • Standardized user profiles
Capability to determine geographic position of mobiles and report it to both the network and the mobile terminal 

Support of multimedia services/capabilities:

  • Fixed and variable rate bit traffic
  • Bandwidth on demand
  • Asymmetric data rates in the forward and reverse links
  • Multimedia mail store and forward
  • Broadband access up to 2 Megabits/second

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